In order to analyze the interaction relations of bearing structure and supporting of roadway surrounding rock, the elastic-plastic mechanics analysis model of inner-outer bearing structure of circular roadway surrounding rock is established, by means of applying the generalized Hoek-Brown failure criterion and the basic theory of elastic-plastic. The expressions of the radius of plastic zone and the related parameters of surrounding rock bearing structure are obtained. Relationship between the bearing structure and the stability of surrounding rock of roadway surrounding rock, and the influence of supporting pressure on the bearing structural parameters of surrounding rock of roadway are analyzed by one instance. Results show that the position and width of outer bearing structure and the width of the plastic bearing structure, have greater influence on the deformation of surrounding rock of roadway and the range of plastic zone. With the increase of supporting pressure, the bearing structure of roadway surrounding rock approaches the perimeter.