A new type of adsorbent of lanthanum - loaded red mud is prepared with activated red mud by hydrochloric acid as a carrier,and lanthanum oxide as an active component.The effects of optimum preparation conditions of the new type adsorbent on fluoride removal efficiency are discussed.The results show that the prepared adsorbent against fluoride ion has very good adsorption efficiency under the condition of hydrochloric acid concentration 6 mol/L,reaction time of lanthanum - loaded red mud 20 h,lanthanum ion concentration 0.25 g/L and calcination temperature 500℃;the fluoride removing efficiency is above 98%at an adsorption time of 60 min,from the wastewater with a pH value of 6.0,initial fluoride concentration of 40 mg/L in the waste water,and the dosage ratio of fluoride to the adsorbent of 1:100.The adsorption fluoride removal process of the adsorbent fitted Langmuir isotherm equation,its linear equation is c_e/q_e = 0.015 9c_e + 0.049 5,its linear correlation coefficient is R =0.992 5.The maximum adsorption capacity of fluoride is 62.89 mg/g at 25℃,and the main type of adsorbing fluoride is monolayer adsorption.