Underground mining activities often lead to problems such as surface subsidence, deformation, and vibration, posing a significant threat to the buildings and facilities on the ground. In this study, the Huaaobaote Silver-Lead Mine of Inner Mongolia Yulong Mining Co., Ltd. was selected as the case study object. Through a combination of various methods, including geological exploration, rock quality assessment, field measurement, FLAC3D numerical simulation, and theoretical discussion, the influence mechanism of underground excavation operations on the stability of surface structures was systematically studied, and corresponding control strategies were proposed accordingly. The results demonstrate that the Cut and Fill Mining method adopted at this mine effectively suppresses surface deformation, with all deformation values remaining within safe thresholds. However, further safety improvements can be achieved by optimizing backfilling processes and enhancing monitoring systems.