Based on the basic theory of electric exploration, this paper discusses the principle of multi-electrode resistivity method exploration and the basis of forward and reverse exploration. On this basis, three two-dimensional profile models of non-filled goaf, fully filled goaf and semi-filled goaf were established, and the forward simulation and data inversion calculation of the models were carried out. Through the comparative interpretation and analysis of the data results, the spatial distribution characteristics of anomalies under numerical simulation and the differences in resistivity anomalies under different devices were identified. Finally, taking the practical application as an example, the test profile is carried out in the known unfilled old tong part of the tin mine, and the blind mining area is explored, and the test results show that the known old tong is in good agreement with the abnormal apparent resistivity of the profile, and the blind mining area is also found in the test section, which proves the effectiveness of the method in detecting shallow goaf.