In order to explore the temperature rise curve and temperature distribution of spontaneous combustion of coal pile under different environmental factors, a slow oxidation reaction model of coal pile is established based on the porous media model. The effects of environmental temperature, wind speed, and bottom heat transfer conditions are studied by numerical simulation, and the temperature rise curve and temperature distribution inside the coal pile are obtained. The results show that the higher the initial temperature of the coal pile is, the steeper the temperature rise curve is, and the shorter the critical spontaneous combustion time is; With the increase of wind speed, the high temperature area in the coal pile gradually shifts from the center of the bottom of the coal pile to the leeward slope; The higher the wind speed is, the slower the temperature rise curve of the coal pile is, and the longer the critical spontaneous combustion time is; The better the heat transfer condition at the bottom of the coal pile, the slower the temperature rise curve of the coal pile, and the longer the critical spontaneous combustion time.